Freedom of worship and religion was granted to all citizens. In the years 1683-84, emigration increased, welcoming pioneers mostly from England, Ireland, Wales, Holland and Germany. Pennsylvania has more than 100 four-year colleges and universities in addition to numerous two-year colleges. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. Fueling the industry at this time relied heavily on Pennsylvanias natural resources. In 1712, the trade of enslaved people was outlawed in Pennsylvania. Economic recessions were common in the colonies during the eighteenth century, and they affected workers in the cities most. The government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. For example, Parliament, concerned about possible competition from colonial hatters, prohibited the export of hats from one colony to another and limited the number of apprentices in each hatmaker's shop. The New Sweden Company was chartered and, in 1638, established The Colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina, in what is today Wilmington, Delaware. Although a mainstay of the southern economy, slavery was not unknown in the northern colonies. This is the lower house of legislature. What were the main characteristics of the Pennsylvania Colony? The middle class were farmers and merchants. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. Philadelphia was home to Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Paine, members of the Founding Fathers and many of Americas early thinkers. The Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony until the American Revolution began. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Some colonies (such as Maryland and New York) combined religious establishments with limited toleration for religious dissenters. This body was in charge of approving or rejecting bills passed by the council. Politics. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. They remained peaceful throughout the years leading up to the Revolutionary War. What did the Quakers do in the Pennsylvania Colony? But in just a few decades, his great-grandson, Milton Hershey, would become one of the most famous chocolatiers in the world and transformed their homestead into the unofficial chocolate capital of the country. The economy of the Pennsylvania Colony revolves around wheat, grain, and agriculture. What is the largest cultural group in Pennsylvania? https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879 (accessed May 2, 2023). Consisted of the wealthy and best educated, Were made up of sailors and apprentices.. Study now. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. It was among the 13 original English colonies of America. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being Under the constitution of 1968Pennsylvanias fourth since becoming a stateand its subsequent amendments, the executive branch consists of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor general, state treasurer, and governors cabinet. Dating from the 18th century are Dickinson College (1773), in Carlisle; Franklin and Marshall College (1787), in Lancaster; and Washington and Jefferson College (1787), in Washington. All Assembly regulations must be uniform throughout each class, and no community can secure preferential treatment. The rest of Pennsylvanias cities are designated as third-class. Women married earlier, giving them the opportunity to have more children, and large families were the norm. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. Pennsylvania has more than 100 four-year colleges and universities in addition to numerous two-year colleges. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. Native Americans - Although William Penn was granted . Before Penn was granted land rights to build his colony, King Charles and his heirs bought the claims of the Native Americans who lived in the region. In 1682, William Penn arrived in Pennsylvania on a ship called the "Welcome." It's estimated that half the immigrants to colonial America arrived this way, and in Pennsylvania about 58,000 Germans and 16,500 Scots-Irish sailed up the Delaware between 1727 and 1754. Pennsylvania 1630-1700 - US History Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. The crops they grewbarley, wheat, and oatswere the same as those grown in England, so they had little export value compared with the staples of the southern plantations. The indigo plant was used to make a blue dye much in demand by the English textile industry. The first inhabitants were a mixture of country gentlemen (mostly Catholic) and workers and artisans (mostly Protestant). Eventually, colonial officials called on the Iroquois, another prominent local Native tribe, to help remove the Lenape from the land in 1741. bookmarked pages associated with this title. By Eduardo Peters / August 15, 2022. Politics - Pennsylvania Colony 41 Interesting Facts About The Pennsylvania Colony For Kids Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. At midcentury, just under a quarter million blacks lived in the colonies, almost twenty times the number in 1700. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. In the Chesapeake area, slaveholding was far from universal, and many of the plantations had fewer than twenty slaves. in exchange for transportation to Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, a city in Pennsylvania whose name means City of Brotherly Love, was originally settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Lenape hunter gatherers . What Was The Social Structure Of The New England Colonies It is recorded that some newcomers would find caves for shelter for their families and effects, then get warrants of survey and wander about for their choice of localities. The colony is also part of the "bread basket of America" because it was suitable to grow a surplus of wheat, corn, barley, and rye. Pennsylvania's first constitution, the Frame of Government was drafted in April, 1682, providing for an upper house and lower house of the legislature. The city is also the site of many firsts including the first mass celebrated in an American Catholic church and the first U.S. hospital. A plain and simple monument stands in Shackamaxon, at Penn Treaty Park, in Kensington, a modest memorial of a momentous act, the spot where was signed an unbroken treaty. Kelly, Martin. The Pennsylvania Colony was also called the Province of Pennsylvania. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. Government Structure in Colonial Pennsylvania - Seattle PI Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# The militia was under his rule and he had the power to appoint judges, sheriffs and other officials as needed. Similar to other major cities at the time, immigrants grouped themselves by income and ethnicity. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. In the best-of-nine series, Boston won five games to three. Swedes and Finns continued to arrive and settle in what would become Pennsylvania. Main, who describes the upper house in eleven American What was the social structure in Colonial Pennsylvania? A council was assembled to help rule with the governor. Pennsylvania played an extremely important role in the American Revolution. What was the social structure in Colonial Pennsylvania. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. Reading Terminal became a hub for locomotive transportation and innovation across the country. Reproduction and colony strength depend on the queen, the quantity of food stores, and the size of the worker force. Tobacco remained the most important cash crop around Chesapeake Bay, but the volatility of tobacco prices encouraged planters to diversify. The social structure of colonial Pennsylvania is consistent with all of the rest of the thirteen colonies. Penn, on behalf of the Quakers, initially sought peace with the Lenape, one of the most prominent Native American tribes that occupied the region. Pennsylvania Colony Facts - Softschools.com The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. A significant development was that of hospitals specializing in orthopedic and mental care and the treatment of specific problems such as drug and alcohol abuse. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. Although the original colonies were given a general set of governmental guidelines from the British government, Pennsylvania set its own standards. Pennsylvania generally exhibits the characteristic American pattern of rural conservatism and urban liberalism, although locally such labels may bear no relationship to particular parties. Not long after, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Company to focus on making chocolate andbroke ground on the first Hershey chocolate factory in his hometown in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. From there, the Lenape to Indiana, Kansas and Oklahoma before further splintering into different groups. Economy - The Colony of Pennsylvania The Second Frame of Government of April 1683 replaced the first frame. Philadelphia quickly became a refuge for Quakers in the New World. Saving enough money to go into business for himself was the dream of every journeyman. More than one million people arrived in Pennsylvania between 1870 and the early 1900s. Funds are secured from the state and local communities through taxes and bond issues. The worst nuclear accident in United States history occurred on March 28, 1979, on Three Mile Island near Harrisburg. Demographics - The Colony of Pennsylvania What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? Instead of a king, there was a governor and the two houses consisted of the Provincial Council and the General Assembly, modeled roughly after the British parliamentary structure. However there was still religious freedom for other beliefs. A major responsibility in this regard is to classify all municipalitiessuch as cities, boroughs, counties, and townshipsby population size. The educational system is administered through public school districts that provide teachers, textbooks, laboratory materials, and physical equipment. Large middle class built around artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. He quickly instituted the First Frame of Government and created three counties: Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Important Information - Colonial Pennsylvania What did Scrooge find at the other places he visited with the spirit? Kelly, Martin. Pennsylvania was among three of the original 13 colonies that were given provincial charters. As a result, Pennsylvania became a diverse and dynamic colony. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburghs Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of science and engineering studies. Penn induced people to emigrate, the terms being 40 shillings per hundred acres, and "shares" of 5,000 acres for 100 pounds. At the end of the day everyone danced on the new barn/house floor. and any corresponding bookmarks? Smaller cities have various governmental forms, while boroughs have elected councils and mayors with limited powers. The servants had a contract to work a fixed amount of time (5-7 yrs.) The gentry, upper class, contained large landowners and wealthy merchants. The Female Social Structure of Philadelphia in 1775 But by 1720, a wheat-based economy had sprung up, and the good reputation of Pennsylvania in Europe was luring Scots-Irish and German immigrants, who were willing to hire on as indentured servants in exchange for passage across the Atlantic. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The Quakers' "Holy" Experiment And Economic Base Differed Under the constitution, the General Assembly provides rules and regulations for local governments. It was not uncommon for a woman to manage her husband's business after his death. Above the slaves were the white indentured servants, people who payed their way to America by selling years of labor. Our Demographics. The founding of Pennsylvania, about 40,000 square miles, was confirmed to William Penn under the Great Seal on January 5, 1681. A deputy governor, Captain John Blackwell, was assigned, but shortly he resigned. The state became a major oil refinery and storage center. Most people were in the agricultural business. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. Around the early 1900s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. A unified judicial system comprises the Supreme Court, Superior Court, Commonwealth Court, county courts, and a system of lower courts. Previous His government created the means necessary for indentured servants to become full citizens, or free men, after completing their service term regardless of religious beliefs or ancestry. ), Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. Religious tolerance, diversity, and representative government became reality here in Pennsylvania. 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by . When he called a General Assembly to meet in Chester, the assembled body decided that the Delaware counties should be joined with those of Pennsylvania and that the governor would preside over both areas. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. What did the people of Pennsylvania do for a living? On a relatively small farm growing grain, it was cheaper to do it this way than to own slaves. . The Pennsylvania colony was among the 'Middle Colonies' of America, which included prominent colonies such as New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The Pennsylvania colony was officially established by a newly converted aristocratic Quaker, William Penn. William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. The Pennsylvania colony was initially called the Province of Pennsylvania by the British. In 1696, after a tumultous time back in England, having been arrested several times for disloyalty, Penn returned to Pennsylvania and established the landmark Charter of Privileges, which was approved in 1701. Herds of English, Welsh (people of Wales), German, and Dutch Quakers flock to the Colony, so a healthy share of religious diversity is present in our Colony. Kelly, Martin. The state government became a seat of boss rule. This party domination was broken in the 1930s, and since then the governor and General Assembly have been about evenly divided between Republicans and Democrats. The rather modest houses of even the most prosperous farmers of the seventeenth century had given way to spacious mansions in the eighteenth century. Pennsylvania - History William Penn's 'Holy Experiment' on the Delaware River. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Philadelphia: The Birthplace of Independence, Isaac Hershey purchased four tracts of land, Hershey name decorates numerous buildings, Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine, https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania, Named by Governor William Penn after his arrival in the New World in 1682, Philadelphia combined the Greek words for love (phileo) and brother (adelphos), engendering its nickname of the city of brotherly love.. Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. During summers, it is warm and relatively moist. Responsible for many civic improvements, Franklin founded the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731 and organized the Union Fire Company in 1736. Women were viewed as weaker and had to give total respect to the men. 11.7% of the households in Pennsylvania speak a non-English language at home as their primary language. After being appointed the first governor of Pennsylvania by King Charles II, William Penn set up a liberal political philosophy, and gave some power back to the people. These generous terms induced many to set out for the New World. Much of the land was suited for farming. The servants were used to meet a growing demand of cheap, plentiful labor in the colony. On March 4, 1681, King Charles signed the Charter of Pennsylvania, and it was officially proclaimed on April 2. Most young people were educated after the education system in Pennsylvania was set up. This mixture would surely doom the Catholic experiment. He received the land grant as payment for a personal debt owed by the king to his father. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. The two groups signed the Treaty of Shackamaxon in 1682 which effectively formalized the purchase of the land and declared peace between the two groups. The expansion of slavery. The council would govern when the governor was absent and this group was allowed to create courts of justice and assign judge positions. The University of Pennsylvania, for example, added several graduate programs, admitted women to them, and enrolled students of color. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). In the Chesapeake area, the signs of prosperity were visible in brick and mortar. The government provides most of the funds for public social services in Pennsylvania. Infant mortality rates in the colonies were much lower than those in England, and life expectancy was considerably higher. What are the 4 New England colonies? Senators are elected for four-year terms and representatives for two-year terms. Revolutionary Change in Colonial Philadelphia: The Brief Life - JSTOR The social structure of the colonies. Labor activities among worker bees depend primarily on the age of the bee but vary with the needs of the colony. What Was Daily Life Like in Colonial Pennsylvania? - Reference.com The English and its colonies despised the Quakers for refusal to pay taxes in support of war or participate in any acts of war. The governor is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected for one additional term. Temple University (1884), in Philadelphia, the University of Pittsburgh (1787), and Lincoln University (1854) are also state-supported. Colonial Society and Economy - CliffsNotes The Duke granted New Jersey to two loyal friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. 322166814/www.reference.com/Reference_Mobile_Feed_Center3_300x250, How My Regus Can Boost Your Business Productivity, How to Find the Best GE Appliances Dishwasher for Your Needs, How to Shop for Rooms to Go Bedroom Furniture, Tips to Maximize Your Corel Draw Productivity, How to Plan the Perfect Viator Tour for Every Occasion. Race Ethnicity Or Social Class Neither Should The Quakers, Labeling Themselves As The Society of Friends The Quakers Middle Colonies - Social Standing Flexible social structure. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. In New England, molasses and sugar were distilled into rum, which was used to buy African slaves. In some districts of the sparsely populated South Carolina colony, blacks outnumbered whites by as much as eight to one, and they were able to retain their African culture more than slaves who were taken to Virginia or Maryland. Natural increase, the excess of live births over deaths, was important to the population growth, but ongoing European immigration was a factor as well. What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? Of these the University of Pennsylvania (1740), in Philadelphia, an Ivy League school, is one of the most distinguished. Large landholders were not confined just to the southern colonies. A small park with a statue to Printz commemorates the location. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. Hershey is considered the Chocolate Capital of the United States. With opportunities for newcomers limited in the settled coastal areas, many German and ScotchIrish immigrants pushed into the interior, where available land was more abundant. Penn and Taminend, Leni Lenape chief, exchanged wampum belts under the Shackamaxon elm in Philadelphia. Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. They had 3 social classes. Pennsylvania today. Class System. The Pennsylvania Colony exported iron ore and manufactured iron products to England, including tools, plows, kettles, nails and other items. Pennsylvania was considered a "farmer's heaven" because their was plenty of land bought to farm on. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named Sylvania, from the Latin for woods. Charles II instead named it Pennsylvania, after Penns father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. South Carolina planters often owned townhouses in Charleston and would probably have gone to someplace like Newport to escape the heat in summer. Today, the universitys Wharton School is recognized for its leadership in business education, and its renowned Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (also known as the Penn Museum) sponsors archaeological expeditions throughout the world. Explanation: The social classes during the Colonial times were determined by wealth, land ownership and job titles. The Cramp Shipyards, a producer of passenger steamships and warships, also helped pave the way for the states industrial profile. Pennsylvania, April 30, 1982 in Philadelphia. 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. In 1643, Governor Johan Printz arrived and built Fort Elfsborg and Fort New Gothenburg at Tinicum Island, nearby todays Philadelphia airport. Immediately, Penn sent his cousin William Markham to the territory to take control of it and be its governor. Middle Colonies - Government William Penn: Founding and governorship of Pennsylvania. Milton ended his formal education in 1871 and worked with a printer before starting an apprenticeship with Joseph R. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.