This government-induced mass migration is part of El Sisis greater remaking of Egypt, which involves relocating millions of citizens to newly constructed cities and developing an elaborate transportation network that will connect residents from Cairo to agricultural districts in the Nile Delta and all the way to the Mediterranean coast, 150 miles away. Idea for Use in the Classroom. National Geographic Society will not use the Genographic Genetic Information for scientific research or share it or your email address with third parties for scientific research without your separate, express consent. As noted above, were calling these results your Genographic Genetic Information. A huge number of Cairenes will have their lives upended. Its boutiques had yet to open. It has to be done, Fattem said. HAPPY NATIVITY TO ALL FRIENDS, FOLLOWERS & READERS OF THIS BLOG! Grades All Subjects Anthropology, Archaeology, Social Studies, Ancient Civilizations, World History During this time the National Geographic Society sold non-profit self-testing kits to members of the general public who wished to participate in the project as "citizen scientists". If you agree to contribute your results to this effort, your Genographic Genetic Information will be made available to National Geographic Society-affiliated and third party researchers for research purposes. Egypts population is growing by two million every year. Our specific genetic blend is therefore the product of our ancestors DNA as it altered through history by developing new mutations, or picking up through new mutations through interbreeding with other peoples as they through different ancestry regions. (Egypts new museum is fit for a pharaoh). That same heavy hand also has sought to project an image of enlightenment and tolerancedecreeing, for example, that the new capitals Al Fattah Al Aleem mega-mosque open on January 6, 2019, the same day the citys 9,200-capacity Cathedral of the Nativity was inaugurated. This version of the kit is referred to as the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Kit. For the film, Wells and the Genographic team travel to one of the most diverse corners of the world . Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The Genographic Project used advanced DNA analyses to work with indigenous communities and the general public with the goal to answer fundamental questions about where we originated and how we. It is called reference because the individuals who have analysed their DNA can then be referenced to one or two of these reference populations whatever is closest to him or her in terms of the number, kind and percentage of ancestry regions revealed in their results. Contrast this with Kuwait, whose population on average have 84% Arabian genes, or even Iran, with 56% Arab genes, though no Persian will ever say they're an Arab. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Human Genome Project formally lasted from 1990 to 2003. The Genographic Project will collect DNA samples from over 100,000 people . Egypts new smart city will emphasise green energy and cashless payment systems. The whole Genographic Project (GP) was an exercise in genetic anthropology. We have seen in Geno 2.0 that the Egyptian genetic blend was found to be composed of three components representing ancestry regions: Mediterranean, Southwestern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. As part of the nations building boom, some older neighborhoods are being demolished and rebuilt. It was unified around 3100 B.C.E. Were using all kinds of foreign expertise, without any shame, Abdeen said. The study presented graphs that show the global genetic makeup of nationals in each country. As I said before, the Welsh were simply excluded, which the Welsh must be feeling strongly about. This is an emerging branch of science that combines DNA testing with archaeological, historical and linguistic evidence to reveal the history of ancient human migration, and to answer the questions, Where did we come from, and how did we get here?[1] What we are about here in our Egyptian context is to find out where did the modern Egyptians, thats the individuals described as indigenous Egyptians or native Egyptians come from, and how they get into Egypt of today. The role of DNA testing of modern Egyptians in this must be complementary to what we know from Egyptian archaeology, history and linguistic evidence if we are to get an accurate picture. Although in its graph, GP Geno 2.0 Next Generation describes this ancestry region as Southwest Asia & Persian Gulf, in its Biogeographical Regions it calls it Arabia. Published 19 Oct 2022, 16:00 BST. The GP explains the presence of the genetic components from the above six ancestral regions in the modern Egyptian populations in the following way: As ancient populations first migrated from Africa, they passed first through northeast Africa to southwest Asia. The city projected a sedate affluence, far more akin to suburban Dallas than to the clamorous pulse of historic Cairo. By Carl Zimmer. This ancient Himalayan kingdom has been isolated from the worlduntil now, The Tower of London has impressedand terrifiedpeople for nearly 1,000 years, How National Geographic photographed Queen Elizabeth II, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society. Meanwhile the Lebanese society is the most diverse among Arab countries, as 44 percent are of Arab origins, 14 percent are Jewish, 11 percent are from North African descent, 10 percent are from Asia Minor, five percent are South European and only two percent are East African. For that matter, the gleaming postmodern cityscape of the New Administrative Capital will seem aesthetically familiar to anyone who has visited Dubai. and lasted as a leading economic and cultural influence throughout North Africa and parts of the Levant until it was conquered by the Macedonians in 332 B.C.E. The founder of IPCB, Debra Harry, offered a rationale for why Indigenous people were discouraged to participate in the Genographic Project. All rights reserved. Run-down sections had been razed, and pricey riverside apartments will take their placepart of a plan to demolish 357 residential areas throughout Egypts 27 governorates. [3] There is no doubt that the Christians and Muslims of Lebanon are genetically different. According to the National Geographic Genographic Project, another of the surprising facts about Egypt's population is that modern Egyptians are only 17% Arab according to their DNA, with the rest of modern Egyptians' genetic makeup being 68% north African, 4% Jewish, 3% east African, 3% from Asia Minor and another 3% south European. Having overseen its construction since shortly after excavation began in January 2018, El Daly considered it a point of pride that the outside world knew next to nothing about the building crews prodigious labours. The world of ancient Egypt is different from students' contemporary lives in many respects. Construction and expansion all over the country is essential.. National Geographic's Genographic Project has been around since 2005, making it one of the earliest genetics tests. Implicit in this narrative of Egyptian history is the argument that relocating ones capital constitutes a momentous but also somewhat customary turn of events. National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. The Genographic Project was conceived and directed by American population geneticist Spencer Wells and was overseen by the National Geographic Society and by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), which, along with the Waitt Family Foundation, provided funding for the research. Another ancestry region that appears at this phase is Asia Minor. Here, everything will be orderly and polishedand gigantic: the tallest office building in Africa, the continents biggest mosque and biggest cathedral, a public gathering area twice as long as New York Citys Central Park. The following table shows the results of the two in regard to the Lebanese reference population: The idea of taking averages of all participants who were born in a country to determine the genetic blend of that country when the country is made of different ethnicities and nationalities is ridiculous it ends up by representing no ethnicity or nationality. Mudbrick walls preserved to unusual height and wavy "zig-zag" walls- "The second area which is still partly uncovered, is the administrative and residential. Geno 2.0 Next Generation gives further detail, and identify six refined ancestral regions, represented in the graph below: From this graph, it is clear that the Egyptian genetic makeup is made mainly by two components: Northern African (68%) and Southwest Asia & Persian Gulf (17%); four other components had their contribution but minimally: 4% Jewish Diaspora and 3% for each of Asia Minor, East Africa and Sothern Europe. While there is small percentage from North and East Africa, maybe due to the Arab slave trade which was common from the 8th to the19th century. THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC GENOGRAPHIC PROJECT ON THE EGYPTIAN GENETIC MAKE-UP PART III: THE EGYPTIAN RESULTS, THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC GENOGRAPHIC PROJECT ON THE EGYPTIAN GENETIC MAKE-UP PART IV: A CRITIQUE OF THE GPS FINDINGS ON EGYPT | DIOSCORUS BOLES ON COPTIC NATIONALISM. However, Egyptians DNA makeup also shows that 3% originates from Southern Europe, 3% from Asia Minor, 3% from Eastern Africa, and 4% from the Jewish Diaspora. Please note that National Geographic stopped selling Geno kits on May 31, 2019 and is no longer processing results. The GP says that, This component is associated with the birthplace of modern humans, as well as the departure point of all humankinds first migrations out of Africa. Just like the new capital. National Geographic Society. "The Genographic Project is one of the first projects to use genetics to trace human migration patterns," says Miguel Vilar, a molecular anthropologist and Genographic's Science Manager. Required fields are marked *. Still lacking a permanent name, with only a fraction of its projected population of six million living there, the city being built nonetheless lies at the heart of Egypts ambitious modernisation plans. To Umm Abdu and other natives of Cairo, the thousand-year-old city was anything but disordered. In 2012, the Genographic Project launched Geno 2.0 upgraded to a higher-density array before opting to sell the service on the Helix marketplace at the end of . Such risks, raised by Harry in an interview released in December 2005,[17] were used to advocate against the indigenous participation in the project. Anthropology, Archaeology, Social Studies, Ancient Civilizations, World History, National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. National Geographics treatment of Non-Genetic Personal Information is governed by the privacy policy posted on the National Geographic website or app on which the information is collected, and not this privacy policy, which applies only to the Genographic Genetic Information as that term is used herein and any email address you provided to participate in the Genographic program. National Geographic Society will store your Genographic Genetic Information and any email address you provided to participate in the Genographic program in our DNA Analysis Repository. In a drive to modernize, Egypt plans to move millions of people to new desert cities, including a seat of government east of Cairo. The 77-story ebony Iconic Tower was without tenants or, for that matter, appliances and finished walls. When you return your saliva sample to Helix, Helix will sequence your DNA as described in the Helix Platform Consent and Helix Terms of Service. If you purchased your kit from National Geographic's online store, contact customer service at nationalgeographic@shopdisney.com. Created and led by project director Spencer Wells in 2005, the Genographic Project was a privately funded, not-for-profit collaboration between the National Geographic Society, IBM and the Waitt Foundation. The project is carried out in partnership with National Geographic Partners, LLC, whose activities include managing the sale of the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product and operation of the genographic.com website. I cant believe this is Egypt, she said. Since the fall of 2015, the Project was led by Miguel Vilar. Along with AncestryDNA and the Editors' Choice award-winning 23andMe, National Geographic's Genographic Project collects and analyzes DNA from participants to provide ancestral information. In addition to hulking marble likenesses of historic Egyptian rulers displayed prominently on the first floor, a life-size bronze statue of President Abdel Fattah el Sisi stands in solitude on the second floor. The presidents press officials energetically sought to control how this story would depict Egypt. The design of the new chip was a collaborative effort between Wells of National Geographic, Eran Elhaik of Johns Hopkins, Family Tree DNA, and Illumina.[5]. Where do I go to order the Geno 2.0 Next Generation kit? He said: Since 2005, the Genographic Project has used the latest genetic technology to expand our knowledge of the human story, and its pioneering use of DNA testing to engage and involve the public in the research effort has helped to create a new breed of "citizen scientist." The Tunisian population had the lowest percentage from Arab descent, as only 4 percent are Arabs, while 88 percent are North African, five percent are from Western Europe, and two percent from West and Central Africa. They provide us also with what is called reference populations. This kit is focused heavily on deep ancestry, and is backed by research gold-stamped by National Geographic themselves. The following table shows that: Lebanon is a special case, and very relevant to the Egyptian situation. Theyre built out into the alleys so that you can reach out your window and shake your neighbours hand. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. The autosomal admixture analysis developed by Wells and Elhaik classifies individuals by assessing their proportions of genomic ancestry related to nine ancestral regions: East Asian, Mediterranean, Southern African, Southwest Asian, Oceanian, Southeast Asian, Northern European, Sub-Saharan African and Native American. The spectacle will seem discordant with the everyday chaos that is Cairo. All rights reserved, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The Genographic Project used advanced DNA analyses to work with indigenous communities and the general public with the goal to answer fundamental questions about where we originated and how we. "This reference population is based on native Egyptians. Such outreach for public participation in research has been encouraged by organizations such as International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), which is seeking to promote benefits from scientific research. The government has revealed few details about the construction, including where all the money is coming from for this building boom, except to insist that it wont cost Egyptian taxpayers anything. UNPFII conducted investigations into the objectives of the Genographic Project, and recommended that National Geographic and other sponsors suspend the project. GP forgets to mention that it is largely the effect of the slave trade up the Nile where millions were captured in slave raids (razzias, from Arabic ghza/ ) by Arab slave hunters from east and central Africa and transferred down the Egypt to Egypt and North Africa among other places. The IPCB recommended against indigenous people participating.[15]. It postulates that this component, as with the Mediterranean component, spread during the Neolithic expansion, perhaps from the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent. The Taoiseach was among a small group of famous Mayo people the National Geographic Genographic Project tested recently, ahead of a more comprehensive swabbing of Mayo people, carried out . The centuries-old square, one of the citys best known, is surrounded by cultural landmarks and historic buildings. Y chromosomes, surnames and the genetic genealogy revolution", "An African American Paternal Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree", "The Genographic Project and the Rise of Citizen Science", "Genetic Research: Collecting Blood to Preserve Culture? International Fellowship, with visiting appointments at universities in Morocco, Egypt and Sri Lanka. In Part I and Part II of this series, I spoke about how the Egyptian media misunderstood and misinterpreted the Genographic Projects results on Egypt and said that to understand the results one has to know about the project and the science behind it. In April 2005, National Geographic and IBM, with funding from the Waitt Family Foundation (Gateway computers), launched the Genographic Project as a five-year "research partnership" that aims to "trace the migratory history of the human species" and "map how the Earth was populated." Type Symposium Information In Geno 2.0 its breakdown into regional ancestry proportions is as follows: It does not need a genius to know that this is not representative of all the British or the UK since the UK is composed of many different ethnicities and nations, and although there is a certain commonality between them through inbreeding they stiff significantly differ in their genetic makeup. I shall take only the Eastern India reference group. According to the project's calculations, the majority of Egyptian DNA is comprised of 68% North African genes. Genetic anthropologists do not only determine ancestry regions and analyse the DNA of individuals to tell them of their ancestry migration history. In May 2006, the project came to the attention of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII). National Geographic 21.2M subscribers Subscribe 77K views 9 years ago Visit http://www.genographic.com to learn more about the Genographic Project. Never, said Fattem, as her sister nodded. The Genographic project focuses on deep ancestry from an anthropological perspective. The East African component likely reflects localized movement up the navigable Nile River, while the Southern Europe and Asia Minor components reflect the geographic and historical role of Egypt as a historical player in the economic and cultural growth across the Mediterranean region.. These 5 cities vanished without a trace. Genographic Project customers were able to transfer their results to the FTDNA database and benefit from the many surname, geographical and haplogroup projects. ", "Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism", "Interview with Debra Harry and the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism", "DNA Gatherers Hit Snag: Tribes Don't Trust Them", "United Nations Recommends Halt to Genographic Project", "Indigenous Peoples Oppose National Geographic", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genographic_Project&oldid=1145533716, This page was last edited on 19 March 2023, at 17:08. When you purchase the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product, you will receive a saliva collection kit from our partner Helix, who handles sample collection, DNA sequencing and secure data storage for the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product. Map showing the Fertile Crescent and Egypt, from Breasted A History of the Early World[6]. Now, cutting-edge technology is enabling us to shine a powerful new light on our collective past. When I returned to Egypt in June for the first time in 15 years, I struggled to recognise it. For thousands of years this region saw the rise and fall of cultures and empires, including the Carthaginians, the Romans, and eventually the spread of Islam originating further east. Testing for Nat Geo was first performed by Gene By Gene, a laboratory in Houston, Texas, and then it was switched to Helix, a laboratory in San Diego, CA. EVEN THE LORDS PRAYER IS MESSED UP WHEN THE COPTIC PARTICLE IS MISUNDERSTOOD! [5] The favourable conditions created by the agricultural revolution led to expansion in population and migration towards Egypt and other Mediterranean locations. The term Indigenous or native Egyptians in this context must not be taken to mean the indigenous or native Egyptians who have their linear descent from Ancient Egypt: it simply means the citizens of Egypt of today. FAQ: About the Project (Genographic Project). 4 min read. In Cairo, alongside the Nile River, the first mile of a promenade called the Mamsha Ahl Misr (walkway of the Egyptian people) had just opened, affording sweeping views of the famed waterfront. Once we destroy your information, you will not be able to access your results from National Geographic again. Another half hour farther east, along a not yet fully paved highway, the New Administrative Capital sprawled before me. Self-Reported Information is other details about you that you choose to supply to National Geographic. At one kilometre in height, it will be the tallest tower in the world. This may include details about your family tree. You must also register on the Genographic website at www.genographic.com. Northern Egypt has wide valleys near the Nile and desert to the east and west. Here is the origin. Molly McLaughlin and Molly K. McLaughlin, National Geographic Geno 2.0 (PCMag, 31 December 2018). The new places look quite nice, she said. Despite having lived in the neighbourhood all their lives, the sisters viewed its imminent destruction as a blessing. He is an associate editor of the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. The Genographic Project In April 2005, the National Geographic Society (NGS) announced its partnership with the IBM Corporation to launch the Genographic Project. The finished sequence produced by the Human Genome Project covers about 99 percent of the human genome's gene-containing regions, and it has been sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99 percent. Still, its presence is an indication that Egypts authoritarian leader has tied his legacy to the founding of a new capital. The study presented graphs that show the global genetic makeup of nationals in each country. Locals and tourists alike pack Ataba Square in the heart of Cairo, which has been a popular open public market since the mid-1800s. Since its launch in 2005, National Geographic's Genographic Project has used advanced DNA analysis and worked with indigenous communities to help answer fundamental questions about where humans originated and how we came to populate the Earth. National Geographic Society may provide access to the Genographic Genetic Information to third parties that provide services necessary for the functionality of the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product. In Lebanon, the religious line between Christians and Muslims is also largely genetics: the Maronites are different in their genetic makeup from the Muslims. Geno 2.0 categorises the Indian subcontinent into four reference populations: Northern Indian, Southern Indian, Western Indian, and Eastern Indian. SPENCER WELLS, PH.D. A National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence, Dr. Spencer Wells is a leading population geneticist and the director of the Genographic Project, on which National Geographic Channel's The Human Family Tree is based. Its impressive but pint-size in comparison with the soon-to-be-constructed Oblisco Capitale. Its beyond anyones better understanding how GP previously grouped all these vast areas in one ancestry region. Everything I could want is here.. My cousin is a nurse who was forced to go work in its new hospital, a 56-year-old woman who identified herself by her Arabic nickname, Umm Abdu, told me. The Genographic Project, which combined IBM researchers with National Geographic, deployed a new analytical method that reconstructs common genetic history via recombinant DNA, which is . We take a number of commercially reasonable administrative, technical, personnel and physical steps to safeguard information in our possession from loss, theft and unauthorized use, disclosure or modification.