Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. List Of Bible Prophets In Chronological Order After Jerusalems fall in 586, Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to stay with the remnant of his people who were left in the country (chapter 40:1-6). Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. Paul emphasizes the fact that the rejection of literal Israel as Gods chosen instrument for the salvation of the world does not mean that individual Jews can no longer be saved (chapters 9:6; 11:1, 2, 11, 15), for he is a Jew himself (chapters 9:3; 10:1; 11:1, 2). Encouraging Hezekiah and the people through his own trust in God, he was instrumental in saving Jerusalem. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. One challenging point in history is the divided kingdoms of Israel (the 10 northern tribes) and Judah (the 2 southern tribes). (This rule does not apply to those portions of the book of Daniel that the prophet was bidden to shut up and seal, or to other passages whose application Inspiration may have limited exclusively to our own time.). Elijah claimed that there was no reality except the God of Israel, stressing monotheism to the people with possibly unprecedented emphasis. In view of the light they had received from God, they were even worse than the heathen, to whom they felt so much superior. There was nothing God could have done for them that He did not do, yet they failed. This chart includes only the major prophetic figures of the Old Testament period. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. God may reject one nation or group of people in favor of another if those first summoned persistently refuse to cooperate with Him (see Jeremiah 18:6-10; cf. Prophets in Judaism - Wikipedia You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. *This is the traditional date for Joel, but the date is uncertain and suggestions range from the ninth to the. Remember that the record of Gods dealings with His people in ages past has been recorded for the benefit of all later generations to the end of time. Israel's Kings & Prophets | Craig T. Owens The prophets of ancient Israel spoke about the events mentioned in the Old Testament long before they actually happened. The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). 2010 by the Theology of Work Project, Inc. Again and again God warned Israel that blessing goes hand in hand with obedience and that a curse accompanies disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:19; 28:1, 2, 13, 14; Jeremiah 18:6-10; 26:2-6; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). Living in a crisis period of his nation, Jeremiah was called to proclaim many messages of reproof and solemn predictions of doom over his people for their disobedience. Enigmatic is his statement that this 5th year of captivity was also the thirtieth year. It is believed that the prophet refers either to his own age or to that year as the 30th year reckoned from the reform which took place during the 18th year of Josiah. Mormons have distinctive beliefs on what a prophet is. Superior craftsmanship. In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). ), those pointing forward to the eternal rest in Canaan (Isaiah 11:6-9; 35; 65:17-25; 66:20-23; Jeremiah 17:25; Ezekiel 37; 40-48; Zechariah 2:6-12; 14:4-11), and those promising deliverance from her enemies (Isaiah 2:10-21; 24-26; Ezekiel 38; 39; Joel 3; Zephaniah 1; 2; Zechariah 9:9-17; 10-14; etc. In this case, he was an octogenarian. The profound conviction that the messages of the prophets had been fulfilled led many to believe in Christ as the Son of God. Spiritual Israel includes both Jews and Gentiles (verse 24). A study of the Old Testament prophets that consists primarily of lifting selected passages here and there out of their historical context and arbitrarily applying them to our dayas if the prophet spoke exclusively for our benefitis fraught with grave danger. The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. endobj His work is characterized by skill in the use of language, a well-balanced syntax, and a lively and impressive poetry. Below is a list of the prophets with dates, kings and historical events regarding Israel and her prophets. It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. 19:21; Isaiah 46:10; Acts 5:39; Hebrews 6:17; etc. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. Sinai God entered into covenant relation with Israel as a nation (Exodus 19:1-8; 24:3-8; Deuteronomy 7:6-14) upon the same basic conditions and with the same ultimate objectives as the Abrahamic covenant. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. It is true, he says, that national Israel stumbled at the stumblingstone, Jesus Christ (Romans 9:32, 33; 11:11; cf. Elijah | Biography, Name, Meaning, Story, & Elisha | Britannica So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. Joel*. 536BC-516BC - Temple rebuilt by Zerubbabel | Bibleview 1 Peter 2:9, 10). Many years later, in writing to the strangers, or Gentiles (1 Peter 1:1: see on Exodus 12:19, 43), as the elect of God (1 Peter 1:2), Peter refers to them as the chosen ones of God, a holy nation, a peculiar people (chapter 2:9), formerly not a people, but now the people of God (verse 10). Having declined, thus, to surrender themselves to God as His agents for the salvation of the human race, the Jews, as a nation, became agents of Satan for the destruction of the race. Nehemiahs first term lasted from 444 to 432 B.C. In the endeavor to account for this seeming enigma, Bible expositors have set forth various explanations: 1. *:G6*q Al The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. Salvation was to be of the Jews, in that the Messiah would be a Jew (John 4:22), and by the Jews, as messengers of salvation to all men (Genesis 12:2, 3; 22:18; Isaiah 42:1, 6; 43:10; Galatians 3:8, 16, 18). Timeline of the Prophets PDF Image Prophets Obadiah 848 BC - 840 BC Jonah 782 BC - 753 BC Amos 765 BC - 750 BC Hosea 750 BC - 725 BC Isaiah 740 BC - 681 BC Micah 735 BC - 710 BC Nahum 650 BC - 630 BC Zephaniah 630 BC - 625 BC Jeremiah 627 BC - 582 BC Habakkuk 608 BC - 597 BC Show More. He prophesied to the people of Israel during the years that Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Kezekiah were kings of Judah and when Jeroboam II was king of Israel. The Temple is mentioned as still existing (chapter 2:20), which shows that the book was written before Nebuchadnezzars destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. In general, Old Testament promises and predictions were addressed to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them, conditional on obedience. I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). The book makes no reference to the fall of Samaria, which took place in 723/22 B.C., and it can therefore be concluded that the prophets last message was given prior to Samarias destruction. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. In the midst of these kingdoms, several prophets are sent by God. Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. In the lives of Gods people the truths of His word are to reveal their glory and excellence. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. . Gods call to the nations would have been, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 45:22). Partial compliance on their part with the will of God made possible a partial fulfillment of the covenant promises on Gods part. Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. What makes it challenging when reading straight through the Bible [in chronological order] is that the history is covered in 1 and 2 Kings and then again in 1 and 2 Chronicles. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. 3. It was probably at this time, when Daniel was nearly 90 years of age, that he was commanded to conclude his book and seal it up (chapter 12:4, 13). When the Jews rejected Christ as the Messiah, God in turn rejected them and commissioned the Christian church as His chosen instrument for the salvation of the world (Matthew 28:19, 20; 2 Corinthians 5:18-20; 1 Peter 2:9, 10; etc.). The fourth school of interpretation may, at times, arrive at a valid application of the predictive portions of Old Testament prophecy to the church today and to its future experience, but neglects the primary application of these messages to their historical setting, and proceeds, quite arbitrarily, to determine that certain selected passages were written more or less exclusively for the church today. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel. Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project, 10 Key Points About Work in the Bible Every Christian Should Know, Beyond Rank and Power: What Philemon Tells Us About Leadership, Learning From the Psalms How to Pray Through Your Work, Situating the Prophets in Israels History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. (chapter 5:14), after which he was recalled to Persia. The life story of Jeremiah is better known than that of any other prophet. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. Matthew 19:16, 17; 22:36-40). Prophecies of the former classification cannot now be fulfilled because they were strictly conditional in nature and limited in scope, by their very nature, to literal Israel. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel This tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets who were active at that time. Under Nebuchadnezzars successors Daniels service seems not to have been desired. The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. The following brief summaries contain the evidence on which the various prophets have been entered in the chronological positions in which they are found in the chart. Candid bible. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. Used by permission. As he was escaping on a ship bound for Tarshish a great storm arose. Nations that had known nothing of the true God would run to Jerusalem because of the manifest evidence of divine blessing that attended Israel (chapter 55:5). However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. Psalms 68:31. ?v>wO?D=`7[wx"*M -3R?$+Rjxwux>zz+ ,hd_AJ`sBJl2| AK7m?4(_^p/_zP_7LmVMNn[5s`#ydtA. List of Jewish Prophets The table down shows where in time the . Judah was conquered by Babylon in 586 BC and returned to the land after 70-year captivity. The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. Select all the topics you most frequently turn to the Bible to get help with: The Bible Gateway Blog features the latest news, announcements, and reflections from Bible Gateway. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. The completeness and finality of this rejection is evident from chapter 8:19, 20: As the nations which the Lord destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. The rejection of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (cf. During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. Image by or during the early years of his reign. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. ![A1 l0.BaD Xae [#J8U!r^X O, Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. 3:5). The day, before, He had called it my house (chapter 21:13), but henceforth He no longer owned it as His. Only when its leaders formally rejected the Messiah and declared before Pilate their allegiance to no king but Caesar (John 19:15) did Israel as a nation irrevocably withdraw from the covenant relationship and the theocracy. for more details of the individual monarchs and prophets. The material advantages that Israel enjoyed were designed to arrest the attention and catch the interest of the heathen, for whom the less obvious spiritual advantages had no natural attraction. Mark 7:9). Not all the prophets were anti-establishment, however. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. Updated: Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway, Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Reading and Understanding the Bible: An Interview with Ben Witherington III, The Cities That Built the Bible: Guest Post by Robert Cargill, The Bible in Graphic Novel Form: An Interview with Art Ayris. First Century Israel Map - He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. A less-well-defined school of interpretation bases its approach to the prophetic portions of the Old Testament on the theory that the prophet, while bearing messages to the people of his day, also took occasional excursions into the distant future, with the result that many of his forecasts did not apply to literal Israel at all, but were intended exclusively for Israel after the spirit, that is, for the church today. A portion of the nation of Israel returned to Jerusalem under Zerubbabel in 535 B.C., and then with Ezra in 458 B.C., and Nehemiah in 444 B.C. All rights reserved. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Isaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. Used under license from Veer Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). The prophet Hosea was a citizen of the northern kingdom of Israel, whose ruler, Jeroboam II, is called by the prophet, our king (chapters 1:1; 7:5). All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. Contributors: Alice Mathews Adopted by the Theology of Work Project Board December 9, 2010. Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). Daniel himself so understood these promises (Daniel 9:1-8). PDF Timeline of Kings and Prophets in the Old Testament The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). But because of apostasy it was the predictions of national honor and glory that could not be fulfilled. Furthermore, the fact that the people of Tyre and Sidon do not appear as hostile nations of Judah until the last decades of its history, while they are mentioned by Joel as Judahs enemies, seems also to point to a late date for the prophets ministry. Both of these extreme methods wrest the obvious intent of the Scriptures and render a sound understanding of the messages of the prophets for the church today unattainable. 1 Kings 22:28). Israel. Eventually, all the nations would call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord and be gathered unto it, not to walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart (Jeremiah 3:17). We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Thus it was with Moses, of whom, to the very day of his death, it could be said that his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated (Deuteronomy 34:7). x=kU0g\ET,? Uzziah was sole king over Judah from 767 to 750, and Jeroboam over Israel from 782 to 753. In trying to keep all of these people and messages clear in my mind, I have put together a list of all the kings and prophets during the period of the divided kingdom (roughly 931-586 BC). The plan itself never changes because God never changes. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. They looked for Messiah to reign as a temporal prince (cf. The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). Period Northern Kings Northern Prophets Southward Kings Southern Prophets United kingdom under Saul, David, Soro, c. 1030 - For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Furthermore, the repeated mention of Judahs wickedness, described as enormous in his day (see chapters 1:4-6, 8, 9, 12; 3:1-3, 7), points to the time before Josiahs reform, which began in 623/22. Jotham (750 -735) inactive in rule after Hosea Amos Zechariah Jerusalem would have become a great missionary center, and the earth would have been set ablaze with the light of truth in one grand, final appeal to those who had not as yet accepted the invitation of divine mercy. That some of the words he uses are also found in Jeremiah (Obadiah 1, 3, 4; cf. Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). Gods word is sure (Isaiah 40:8; 55:11; Romans 11:29), and His plan for the salvation of man will ultimately prevail (Isaiah 46:10). They eagerly sought the power of His kingdom, but were unwilling to be guided by its principles. Log in, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kings, timeline of Old Testament prophets and kings, David, great goodness and great sins, yet always a man after Gods own heart, Samuel and Saul, the importance of listening to God & how to do it, Judges & Ruth, My Way or Gods Way, how to live the best way, How to Correctly Understand & Apply Bible Stories & Biblical Narratives, The Book of Joshua, 9 Lessons on how to fight and win in the battles of life, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kingswhere they fit in history, NEW for 2023 Reading Schedules through the Bible in Chronological Historical order, plus free journaling pages, Intro & Overview of Old Testament Prophets, little understood, incredibly important, Joshua: How to fight and win in the battles of life, Deuteronomy: Gods love and how we should live in response. Ambassadors from one foreign country after another would come to discover, if they might, the great secret of Israels success as a nation, and its leaders would have the opportunity of directing the minds of their visitors to the Source of all good things. Situating the Prophets in Israel's History Timeline of the Prophets Related Content Donate c.1050-c.930 BC From King Saul to the prophet Samuel and young King David and his royal dynasty through Solomon. Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. Thus it had been with Enoch (Genesis 5:24), Abraham (chapter 26:5), and Joseph (chapter 39:2-6). His book contains no direct to establish the time of his mission to Nineveh. Ultimately Israel was conquered by Assyria and went into captivity in 721 BC, never to return as an independent nation. % All men would recognize that Israel stood in a special relationship to the God of heaven (Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 28:10; Jeremiah 16:20, 21). On the other hand, the destruction of Nineveh is described as an event still future (chapter 3:7). The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. Micah states that his ministry fell in the time of the kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1). He is the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever (Hebrews 13:8). A closer dating is impossible in spite of the statement that his first divine message came to him two years before the earthquake (chapter 1:1), because the date of this event is unknown. It is possible that Hebrews 11:37 refers to this event. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. See on Zechariah 1:8.