/XObject 19 0 R Two-string problemc. Therefore, the two problems have very different. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustratea. targetc. Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the candle is already lit. event-specific knowledge. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. The argument is strong because the premise includes nothing new. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? 35. not present a sample design.b. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is . She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. d. It has a single correct answer. Convergent thinkinga. This is an example of. well-defined; Gestaltd. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device withi, Novel objects before a function was described, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for pre-inventive objects if theya. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. 1. exemplar; source. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. made the objects themselves.b. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold how to d. What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. the purpose of the exp. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. in vivo problem solving. c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Janet is alone in a room that has a chair & shelf w/ a book resting on top. b) Measure the time-course of solving well-defined versus ill-defined problems (This is called a Subduction Zone). How re-representing a problem can lead to a solution. /cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown d. discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. restructuring initial states.b. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. insight.d. Gestalt psychologi, Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. a preconceived notion about how to do something, This problem involves the use of equations and, starting at problem 8, doesn't require the typical equation. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. ill-defined. c. performance is the same for both tasks. By doing this, Dr. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. << /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. /Name /F9 Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?
/F6 8 0 R b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities. b. noticing, mapping, and applying. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. lightbulbb. ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. The purpose of this experiment was to. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. d. degree of risk aversion one has.
As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations.
[Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave Participants Problems That Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time.a. Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. The radiation problem, In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.a.
Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problemsd. familiar object.c. /Contents 20 0 R Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. experimental groups and control groups.d. /Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. /Type /Encoding
Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution prior to - Course Hero /Name /F10 In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the, Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?
Ch.12 Quiz 4.3 Flashcards | Chegg.com multiple goal states.c. endobj 38. xZMsFWLU F'VNkF0@u pQ$~q~G"YD[1?WN|0Rh4S"1ft;/y:hp8IxzrHt*TMH%|N8QeZ2)7hgBEeg]._8k/Eb:ow_;!LLsWkYJGt1k(Xr o+@h~;Lc1I-#]?}Q:. endobj a.demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of t, Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. restructuring.b. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. present one sample design throughout the task.d. 17 0 obj <> endobj seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b.
How to Detect Insight Moments in Problem Solving Experiments /Type /Font This particular discussion suggests that _______ may be more important than ______ in creative thinking. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. All cats are birds. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. /Encoding 16 0 R The purpose of this experiment was to: Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Newell and Simon's logic theorist computer problemb. structural; enhance. /Type /Font the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: a.the solution is immediately obvious.b.there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.c.the goal state is not clearly defined.d.the initial state is not clearly defined. a. descriptive information that is inconsistent with base rate information. /Subtype /Type1 Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. /Encoding 16 0 R asked us to determine the length of the segment marked x if the radius of the circle has a length r once we realize that the diagonal i the radius of the circle we can conclude that the length of x equals the length of radius r =, what is important about kohler circle problem, doesn't require mathematical equations the solution is obtained by first receiving the object and then representing it in a different way, process of changing the problems representation, sudden realization of a problems solution aha experience, did an experiment to distinguish between insight and non insight problems =, particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution, gave participants insight problems and non insight problems and asked to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds as they were working on the problems hot is 7 indicating they believes they were getting close to the solution =, insight or nonishgt problem and time before solution, for isngith problems warmth reaimned low at or 3 just before the problem is solved and for algebra problems ratings gradually increased until problem was solved - insight occurs suddenly, illustrates how functional fixedness can hinder problem solving =, solution to dunkers 1945 candle problem =, when person realizes the matchbox can be used as a support rather than a container, group presented with boxes full frounf task more difficult than group with empty boxes, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions =, participants given 3 jugs to measure out specify quantity of water =. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. All birds have wings. 12 0 obj b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems. The key to the solution is to overcome functional fixedness. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. By doing this, Dr. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. /BaseFont /Times-Roman This is an example of using reasoning. a single correct answerd. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. warmth judgments.d. Tower of Hanoic. ill-defined; information processingc. They got to make up sentences tha Analogies are sometimes explored and developed at some length, for purposes of problem-solving. Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. c. what positive and negative feelings will occur following a decision to the same degree. 3 0 obj calfe & Wiebe, 1987). endobj Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning. The typical purpose of subgoals is toa. insight.b. /Subtype /Type1 Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache? In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Insight refers toa. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Classify the triangle as acute, right, or obtuse. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. mental set. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /F12 14 0 R insightc. intermediate states. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. emotional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). demonstrate a difference between how people. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. high-pressurec. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. a. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.c. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). candle can be cut in half.d. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Metcalfe and Wiebe problems that have a clear identifiable solution. b. being able to solve other problems at all. << Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted junk mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or Internet services or cellular phone companies. 9 0 obj /F8 10 0 R >> b. striate nucleus; locus coeruleus, 24. How will Janet retrieve the book? flexibilityd. With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. a. performance is better for the concrete task. the role of insight in creativity.c. /Subtype /Type1 Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? structural features.c. pliers are also presented.c. 21 0 obj /Encoding 16 0 R >> was to: demonstrate a diff. structural; diminishd. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. knottedd. well- and ill-defined problems. /Type /Font Developing schemas for each i, Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem.a. general principles that problems share.c. A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.a. Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis b. prior learning hindering problem solving. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. operators.c. 7. The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known asa. /F11 13 0 R We'll bring you back here when you are done. goalc. creating operators.d. /Name /F5 /BaseFont /Courier-Bold Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. << The purpose of this experiment was to. Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?a. Dr. In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. present one sample design for a brief period.c. Newell & Simon, early computer program designers for problem solving. how similar the objects in the problem are.b. /Name /F1 /Name /F12 /F7 9 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica-BoldOblique c. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. surface; enhancec. >> The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. /F3 5 0 R Add to folder /Encoding 16 0 R Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? With th, The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example ofa. exemplard. /F5 7 0 R continuity and form. Novel objects before a function was described. /Subtype /Type1 ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.a. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. Experts categorize problems based ona. PFC activation was. << The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> Introducing Cram Folders! participants in the _____ group had the fastest response time. /Subtype /Type1 experts and novices.b. The population of the town of Plymouth was 7,9507,9507,950 and decreasing by 505050 residents per year. radiationd. intermediate states.b. Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. /Type /Font Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is _______. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving, a sudden realization of a problems solution. had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a.
22 considerthefollowingconditionalsyllogism - Course Hero In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. >> analogyd. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. Experts _____ than novices.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. Acrobats must be of equal weightd. Using a wine b, Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that thea.
source; targetb. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. b. show how people progress through the . mental sets. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. gradually rise; gradually riseb. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. /Subtype /Type1
Cognitive Psych Ch. 12 (Problem Solving) Book Questions - Quizlet In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. the purpose of the exp. 40. This problem demonstrates mental set, which is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, all the possible states before a problem is solved, how people represent a problem in their mind, solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring. initial state.d. In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. d. dependent on how much money the responder was offered. endobj the box is empty.d. b. general principles that problems share. search. Introducing Cram Folders! >> When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. 15 0 obj A ____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. means-end analysis.c. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, The Three Types Of Creativity And Artificial Intelligence, Guilford's Model Of Creativity Research Essay, Obstacles That Get In The Way Of Problem-Solving And Decision-Making. They are unable to. /F9 11 0 R b. 7 0 obj The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. metcalfe and wiebe 1987 hypothesis of metcalfe and wiebe 1987 = particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.a. operators.c. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. search.
metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. This experiment studies____ reasoning. This is an example of the bias. My brain is best Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top.
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