social issues in south asia

The movements have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. Finally, domestic political instability can provide both opportunity and motivation for insurgency. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. India eradicated polio in 2014 after a campaign that vaccinated millions of children. Such non-state violence is often not waged against the state or political system, but instead is used as a bloody tool of social control and political maneuvering. Six Pressing Issues in Asia and How We're - The Asia Foundation In some cases, it came through bargaining and political accommodation; in others, the raw application of extremely intense violence; in still others, a long and slow process of containment that has led to a relatively low level of violence even without a real resolution of conflict. How Do Californias Asian Americans View U.S. Foreign Policy? ~DJ5$^iG(2A9Li!QsS}%4q)bL)|uH9oa^mMR'mrWPxxtIj%hR,KZeIv!ho;qJ`qkP2EjcS+q/&r2&1)+Eu _vw"@|-g:ne7*7 r;. Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. It is home to one-quarter of the worlds population spread over just 7 percent of the worlds landmass. In both scenarios, mental health and resiliency is compromised in the long term. Surrounding the Ocean: PRC Influence in the Indian Ocean, Africa Matters to the World Banks Global Role and Heres How, How Indonesia Used Chinese Industrial Investments to Turn Nickel into the New Gold, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, enduring political power and serious limits on rights, partial democracies marked by factionalism, https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports, https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division, https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa. In the first decade of the 2000s, both Nepal and Sri Lanka grappled with major insurgencies. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. To estimate regional aggregates in the calendar year, fiscal year data is converted to calendar year data by taking the average of two consecutive fiscal years for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan at 2015 constant US$, for which quarterly GDP data are not available. Top Left: Sri Lankan Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960), Top Right: Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (1988), Bottom Left: Nepalese President Bidhya Devi Bhandari (2016), Bottom Right: Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1971), Source: (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images. HUMo@Wq}] !@iz{@-mPH$ Moreover, migration of mostly young men has led to rising divorce rates in Central Asian countries, where its not uncommon for one parent to be abroad for most of the year. 0 South Asians seeking psychological services often feel misunderstood by health-care providers and then get discouraged from getting further help. This leads to heightened levels of psychological stress and interference with the identity formation process, especially when a person feels a stronger connection to the dominant western culture. MHA data can also be found in its annual reports (https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports) and, for the Northeast, on the North East Divisions website (https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division). )Ug}wz/vn_/7E|?|^P_PAy_ }D` ,Ut Pakistans Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority democratic country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. 0000006899 00000 n Top 4 issues for South Asias millennials - World Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In India and Sri Lanka, mob violence and vigilantism have occurred with the connivance or tacit neglect of leading political parties. In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. Figure 1 below shows fatality data from the nongovernmental South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), and Figure 2 shows official Indian government data from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).2. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! The reliability of data from this conflict environment is extremely limited: disappearances, dubious claims about the identity of the dead, extensive human rights abuses, and restricted media and NGO access have been characteristics of the last three decades. Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). WebThe paper discusses social consequences of drug abuse in the South Asian region, covering social issues with respect to family, society, gender, young people, work, crime, violence, and cost. Paul Staniland is a nonresident scholar in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. -- Volume 30, Number 3, November 2015, Editorial Board -- Volume 23, Number 1, April 2008, Editorial Board endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Pew Research Center In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. Third, forms of violenceespecially mobs and vigilantismare on the rise that are dangerous in their own right and that can prove difficult to control even by colluding state and political party forces. This was an unambiguously ideological policy by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government, cloaked in claims about development and political renewal that have yet to come to fruition. -- Volume 35, Number 2, July 2020, Editorial Board -- Volume 24, Number 2, October 2009, Editorial Board 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The decrease in violence in Kashmir since 2003 is also striking. Here are seven challenges the bloc faces in promoting sustainable economic growth, and suggested steps to solve them. 0000002159 00000 n The three main river systems in South Asia are the Indus, the Ganges (or Ganga), and the Brahmaputra. This unpredictability makes it at least conceivable that there could be renewed efforts by states to support rebellions in strategic areas. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. The countries of South Asia are incredibly diverse, so there are no simple takeaways from these trends. In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers reached their peak of power between 2002 and 2005. To this end, the report offers two recommendations. Socio-economic Scenario of South Asia: An Overview of Impacts Across India, fans have built temples in honor of their most beloved stars. 0000003857 00000 n South Asia: supporting gender equality and social -- Volume 33, Number 1, March 2018, Editorial Board South Asian Americans Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. And religious minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh often face severe persecution and receive almost no government protections. South -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board Socio-Economic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic in South Yet by 2020, the state is ascendant in South Asia. As an admittedly crude proxy, however, overall conflict-related fatalities data leaves little doubt about broad trends. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent The U.S. foreign-born population reached a record 44.8 million in 2018. And in their densely populated slums, diseases can spread quickly. More recently, Nepals lawmakers elected the countrys first woman presidentand the countrys second presidentBidhya Devi Bhandari, in 2015. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. While the Pakistani military is currently riding high politically, its track record over time has included miscalculation and counterproductive policies (for instance, repressing unarmed political movements while tolerating Islamist armed groups that later grew out of control). Check your email for details on your request. Some years are missing because specific data on sanctioned force size was not included in the annual reports for those years. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Moving from corporate responsibility to impact, US Fed likely to make final interest rate hike in May, and other economy stories you need to read this week, World Economic Outlook shows economies facing high uncertainty, Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi and Chiara Maggi, Heres what the mixed economic messages mean for business, IMF: Fiscal policy can promote economic stability and address risks to public finances, Francesca Caselli, Vitor Gaspar, Gee Hee Hong and Paulo Medas, Inflation reaches lowest point in almost two years, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. Finally, instability in and political exclusion from regimes can foster rebellions, even after long periods of apparent stability. To encourage culturally sensitive therapy, mental health professionals must actively make an effort in understanding their clients cultural background and belief system through continued education and consultation with colleagues from a similar cultural background. Political Violence in South Asia: The Triumph of the State? 63 0 obj <> endobj Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>stream In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. This in turn affects social cohesion and gender equality in the region. -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board The Indian Army also has an important presence in J&K and the Northeast, contributing to a vast security footprint that can suppress insurgent violence. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development, The World Banks digital platform for live-streaming, Environmental and Social Policies for Projects, International Development Association (IDA). You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. Kazakhstan used the inaugural games to showcase its national heritage and historic connection to the land just one week after Russian President Vladimir Putin insinuated that the former Soviet Republic should never have become an independent country. Indias government battled ongoing insurgencies in Kashmir, the Naxalite belt in interior India, and the Northeast. Growth in the region is dampening, says the World Bank in its twice-a-year update, underscoring the need for countries to build resilience. MHA expenditures rose an average of 15 percent annually from 20112012 to 20202021, with expenditures for police specifically rising 12 percent annually on average. Yet, in some countries, ideas about gender are evolving. Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. The World Unpacked is a monthly foreign policy podcast that breaks down the hottest global issues of today with experts, journalists, and policymakers who can explain what is happening, why it matters, and where we go from here. For example, the TTP is alleged to be regrouping in Afghanistan, Pakistan claims that India is supporting Baloch rebels, the Taliban operates out of Pakistan, India focuses on Pakistans long history of support for terrorist and militant groups, and Indian media signals concern about Chinese backing for insurgents in the Northeast. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. South Asia There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. Annika and Nehal from the That Desi Spark podcast formerly known as The Woke Desi say they began their Others may comply with the expectations required of them, but at the cost of losing their sense of self, their self-concept. Immigrants today account for 13.7% of the U.S. population, nearly triple the share (4.8%) in 1970. Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. -- Volume 32, Number 1, March 2017, Editorial Board A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. Three states have populations of over one hundred million people. 2715 North Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland, USA 21218. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. Figure 5 shows trends in V-Dems Liberal Democracy index since 2000 (higher numbers indicate greater liberal democracy). -- Volume 37, Number 3, November 2022, Editorial Board The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. xref 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. 0000033263 00000 n Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. 0000043115 00000 n After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, itsoutlook remains subject to significant uncertainty. With this knowledge, they can identify some of the early signs of mental health issues. One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. 0000002992 00000 n Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. This systematic review and meta-analysis report the pooled prevalence of CMDs among the South Asian countries. Terrorist attacks hit Bangladesh, including assassinations and coordinated bombings linked to the Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami Bangladesh and other factions. In this context, this essay explores whether and how there is contestation in the south Asian social movements. Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. To counter this, South Asian families need to be more deeply educated on risk factors that can lead to mental health conditions. HTM0Wj|4,t5LG$};LV$!u~Izke@F(/_z2f:TD&P^GJ,&A)Q)mrv8VVQEb Regions of the World. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board A 16 year old boy prepares to marry a young girl in Indore, India, on May 15, 2002, despite a government ban on under-age nuptials. South -- Volume 33, Number 2, July 2018, Editorial Board Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom experience high rates of mental health disorders, sometimes higher than their peers. Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data Performance & security by Cloudflare. Pew Research Center The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum Though there are discrepancies between the MHA and SATP data, both show fatalities in the Northeast holding broadly steady in the first decade of the 2000s, then beginning a sharp drop from 2008 onward. The forces pursued a grim counterinsurgency policy: extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and a heavy security footprint coupled with surveillance and monitoring. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. Sources: World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook and staff calculations. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. Database searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. 0000008464 00000 n The first is in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), where insurgency arose in the late 1980s following a rigged state assembly election and has continued ever since at varying levels of intensity. SOJOURN is published twice a year, in April and October. The political landscape of South Asia has changed dramatically in the last two decades. There has been less political accommodation than in Indias Northeast, and human rights abuses are pervasive, fusing counterinsurgency with the broader political objectives of the military in managing Pakistans political sphere. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. Asians are less likely than Americans overall to live in poverty (10% vs. 13% as of 2019). From 2006 to 2009, government forces and the LTTE waged an extremely intense, mostly conventional conflict with extensive human rights abuses. Removing restrictions to labor mobility is vital to the regions resilience and its long-term development.. Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. A participant at the 2018 World Nomad Games at Kyrchyn Gorge, Kyrgyzstan. Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. This blend of repression and collusion has reduced direct anti-state violence. Some of the reasons include intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society. Religion in South Asia: Diverse But Source of Tension. With all this linguistic, ethnic, and political diversity, how has India stuck together as a single country for so long? The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. It has been reported in American media that the group has certain stigmas in relation to the LGBT communities. Yet as Sri Lankas experience in the 1950s and 1980s vividly suggests, mob violence can harden political cleavages and trigger escalation beyond the control of its political patrons. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. Having beaten back this challenge, the Pakistan Army has emerged as an even more influential force. Held every two years, the Olympics-style gathering boasts over forty sports, including horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, bone tossing, seventeen types of wrestling, high-speed yurt-building, dog racing, and kok boru, a game in which horse-mounted players throw a headless goat carcass into a large goal. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues.
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