which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism?

All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are formed on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics. ), the idea that we would judge or shun their consumption of these animals may just be a knee jerk reaction and not based in logic. Between 1478 and 1834, the Catholic Spanish rulers decided that Catholicism should be the ascendant religion within Spain. This gave Europeans cover so they could invade the lands of Aboriginal populations. Likely, many westerners would consider chopsticks to be a strange tool for eating. I feel like its a lifeline. The image of Paris as the fashion capital of the world. An emic approach, which looks within cultures to identify behaviors that are specific to that culture, is usually the most appropriate approach to studying cross-culturally. Myself and the people I was talking to saw accents from their own perspective. Upon learning that her grandson isnt marrying a Jewish girl, Jim's grandmother becomes inconsolable. Chinese Americans The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare portrays an intense disagreement between the Jewish character Shylock and the Christian character Antonio. b. Other immigration approaches include Integration, where different cultures all live together in a patchwork throughout a city, and Self-Determination, where everyone can choose which culture they want to follow. exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Ethnocentrism is the belief that your culture is natural and correct while other peoples cultures are incorrect, unnatural, or inferior. d. a. Ethnocentrism can occur for anyone across most cultures and societies and is not limited to one culture. This would be achieved by removing children from their parents. Unlike in ethnic groups, the membership of an individual to a racial group is ascribed from birth. diverse lives. Ethnocentrism can be a contributing factor to prejudice, racism, and xenophobia. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. As weve seen, such uninformed judgements have had terrible consequences around the world. All the advice on this site is general in nature. Some would argue thats whats going on with the country's involvement in the Middle East. Intelligence tests that are designed by Western researchers reflect the idea of what the West considers as being intelligent. a meaningful concept Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity? Create your account. d. the Black Power movement. The minority culture is othered so the majority culture can maintain and promote their own practices and traditions as the natural or normative traditions within the nation-state. Adolf Hitler decided he hated Jewish people, as well as other groups of people, and had many innocent people slaughtered in concentration camps. Ultimately, it is important for people to develop cross-cultural relationships that allow them to learn from and appreciate the knowledge and traditions of other cultures, and to exchange ideas and goods with respect and reciprocity. On the other hand, xenocentrism can be problematic when minority cultures are erased in favor of the majority, or when people romanticize ethnic minority groups by practicing cultural appropriation: the borrowing of ethnic minority group's traditions or products without proper permission, respect, or education. a. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. course hero.docx - _ refers to the way individuals define institutional, Which of the following categories of Asian Americans in the United States have a median household income of over $100,000, which is higher than that of Asian Americans as a whole? However, youll see in these examples of ethnocentrism that the practice is not only absurd, but potentially fatal. Cultural Lag Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Lag? That's not to say that the desire to move away from one's own country is unwarranted, as this idolization of American culture can often be the result of people suffering under the rule of oppressive governments. Despite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. Delegitimizing Others Religious Celebrations, Divided Attention: 10 Examples and Overview, Machiavellianism: 10 Examples and Definition, Overgeneralization: 10 Examples and Definition, 17 Gender Stereotype Examples (For Men and Women). If we understand other peoples perspectives, we can live more harmoniously together, and remain open-minded to learning from each other. d. are superior to others. Farooq, a Muslim Asian immigrant in the United States, joins an automobile plant as an assembly-line worker. I will often show my students clips from An Idiot Abroad because its so full of examples of ethnocentrism! This comes in stark contrast to xenocentrism - the belief that someone else's culture is superior to their own. d. These procedures would then not be used across other cultures where it may yield invalid results. Sometimes, we need to accept other peoples cultures with an open mind and try to see where theyre coming from. However, in other cultures, motor skills are less relevant to intelligent behaviors, and the culture instead values vast knowledge on a range of topics, such as intelligence instead. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. 60 seconds . Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. The goal is to look at both universal and unique behaviors to establish the ways in which culture has an influence on behavior, relationships, education, etc. ethnic nepotism. Previously, some culture-specific behaviors were often misdiagnosed as a symptom of a disorder. Flashcards - International Marketing Exam 3 (CH. 4+5) - FreezingBlue developing an ethnocentric attitude toward the dominant group. is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. stereotyping. Some people view this practice disrespectful to the body of the deceased person. This had a negative effect on the attitudes of white Americans towards these other groups of people, specifically that they were not as intelligent as them. However, if we get go too far the other way, we end up being cultural relativists with no moral framework guiding us at all. b. affirmative action. Back then, the British believed both Africa and the Americas to be primitive societies based on hunting and farming, and felt they needed to take over these nations in order to bring them up to speed with modern technologies. But through the practice of cultural relativism, xenocentrism can support a more open and non-judgmental way of regarding foreign cultures. Relationships the differences in family, romantic relationships, and friendships that are influenced by culture. We all learn ethnocentrism while growing up, as the practices of our own culture are normalized to us, we automatically tend to start assuming any practice that is not a part of our culture is not normal. What is and is not ethnocentrism? People would say your accent is so funny! and I would say no, your accent is funny!. The opposite of this is xenocentrism, where you believe another culture is better than your own. b. Assimilation policies state that immigrants to a country should leave their old culture behind and embrace their host countrys culture. Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams, Aschs, and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. Which scenario best exemplifies the etic approach? Parents would still come to the schools and camp out the front to be closer to their children, leading to a visitation pass system designed to further separate parents from their children. Some researchers believe that ethnocentrism comprises in-group favoritism and vilification of out-groups; thus, people have a high opinion of their own group and think negatively about out-groups. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Many of us arrogantly believe that everyone should speak English to us, no matter where we are in the world. Xenos is a Greek word that means stranger or foreigner; correspondingly, xenocentrism is the preference for another culture or other cultures over one's own culture. One of the most prominent examples of ethnocentrism was the Sinocentric system developed out of the idea of the "Mandate of Heaven" proliferated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius. . Ethnocentrism is the practice where we tend to believe that our own culture, ethnic group, race, etc. Acculturation. Catholicism was the naturalized religion in society and all others were judged by Catholic doctrine to be heretics. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. d. They have median incomes above those of other Latinx. Ainsworths research is culturally biased since standards were set regarding what securely attached means based on an American-only sample. While ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own culture is superior and correct compared to others, xenocentrism is the belief that other cultures are better than ones own culture. Sure, its easy to point the finger at the likes of colonial men and women who oppressed slaves, but ethnocentrism still exists today. The notion that one nation's goods or opportunities are superior to others can indeed result in cultural erasure. Its the belief that ones ethnic group is superior to another. seldom considered important in a society Sociology 1301 Flashcards | Chegg.com b. case-by-case Ch 4 T or F & Multiple Choice.docx - Ch 4 T/F & MC HW Which scenario b. modify some aspects of the stereotype they hold Of course, this is a natural thought (its our brain noticing the difference sounds funny to us). To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. While ethnocentrism is a good promoter of a group solidarity or we feeling, on of the major drawbacks for it is the fact that, when we label another group as them and their practices as not normal, we tend to not cooperate with these groups as doing so would require us to compromise on our own culture. Your email address will not be published. Most noteworthy are the differences observed in Japanese and German infants compared to American infants. Ethnocentrism means The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture, while Xenocentrism means a preference for the products, styles, or ideas of a different culture. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. Obviously, they didnt deserve the torture they received, and this was clearly an extreme case of ethnocentrism. In order to avoid conflict over culture practices and beliefs, we must all try to be more culturally relative. According to the "Mandate of Heaven," the Chinese felt they received divine power that entitled them to exert heavy rule over the citizens, and that they had power over the rest of the world. a socially constructed reality, Many sports teams such as the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Redskins use Native American mascots and depict them with feathers, buckskins, beads, spears, and "warpaint." Ethnocentrism lies in contrast to the practice of xenocentrism, where we tend to judge the other culture as superior to our own. c. Racial stratification In most of the 20th Century (Between 1905 and 1970), Aboriginal Australian children were frequently taken from their families and placed under the care of Anglo-Australians in a systematic effort to suppress Aboriginal cultures, with the belief that the dominant Anglo-Australian culture was superior. The film shows a Greek family living in the United States who are very proud of their Greek heritage. Furthermore, it is the belief that other cultures are no better or worse than ones own but are equally valid despite their differences. Many researchers assumed this study has the same meaning for infants from other cultures as it did for American children. Ethnocentrism in psychology can reduce the generalisability of findings since the researchers may not have accounted for cultural diversity. Conclusions were drawn from the results that the results would be the same across all cultures. Jennifer, a white American, believes that the customs of her own culture are superior to those of other cultures. BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. All rights reserved. Ainsworths classic study of The Strange Situation (1970) is an example of ethnocentric research. The theory of racial formation However, the results from other cultures were very different. We often have involuntary reactions toward another person or cultures practices or beliefs but these reactions do not have to result in horrible events such as genocide or war. Rio Hondo College . In fact, I remember when I did my semester abroad when I was younger that we used to talk about it all the time. Ethnocentrism may not, in some circumstances, be avoidable. Instead, researchers should make sure to point out that their research may only be applied to the sample they studied and the application to other cultures is questionable. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Role of Cultural Relativism in Xenocentrism, Introduction to Anthropology: Help and Review, Anthropology Perspectives: Help and Review, Genetics for Anthropologists: Help and Review, Evolution for Anthropologists: Help and Review, Geologic Time and Anthropology: Help and Review, Anthropology & Ancient History: Help and Review, Human and Cultural Migrations: Help and Review, People and the Environment: Help and Review, Agriculture & Domestication: Help and Review, Studying Land Resources in Anthropology: Help and Review, Levels of Culture: National, International & Subcultural, Understanding the Difference Between Society & Culture, Cultural Variation: Universalities, Generalities & Particularities, Etic and Emic World Views in Anthropology, Culture and the Individual: Real Culture vs. This is why you will see US citizens heading to the French wine sections in grocery stores, for American wine isn't thought of as famous or exclusive. In all these instances, youre considering yourself and your culture to be the best compared to all others. 2000. This theory was then generalized to other cultures so that what was considered the behavior of securely attached children in America should be what all children in other cultures should behave to be considered securely attached. People of Asian, German, and African cultural heritages peacefully coexist with one another and have uniform access to power and privilege in this country. And while many of us might say Its a womans right to decide what she wears and we should respect her no matter what, different cultures have various views on this! They earned fortunes while working in agriculture in the U.S. mainland and in fish canneries in Seattle and Alaska. Tilley, J. J. Some cultures prefer to use forks, spoons, and knives to eat and may believe that it is weird or incorrect that some cultures traditionally use chopsticks to eat. After the lands were invaded, local cultures were oppressed and people were told that the must live, dress, eat, and act like Westerners. Throughout the film, the family believes that because their culture is best their children should attend Greek schools, learn Greek language, and study Greek history. c. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism the basis of own culture. Hum. The neglected 95% revisited: Is American psychology becoming less American? Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams. Individuals who are ethnocentric will believe that their cultures beliefs, ideas, values, and practices are correct, and they use the standards in their own culture to assess other cultural groups. d. The idea that quality products cannot be purchased in ones own country. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Hasa. For traditional Peruvian cultures, Guinea Pigs are animals to be eaten! chapter nine sociology Flashcards | Quizlet The principle that all cultures should be understood and evaluated on their own terms, rather than judged by the standards of another culture. It was both the human race and the Na'vi who deemed each other as less superior, example when the human were using machines to destroy the forest . When considering harmful cultural traditions, it can be patronizing to use cultural relativism as an excuse for avoiding debate. Ethnicity theory, Which of the following terms is defined as overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories? They live primarily in the southwestern region of the United States. b. Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals. b. That wouldnt be ethnocentric because it would be based on thoughtfulness and balance. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. For this, the other black woman in her town are full of contempt for her. Uses the standards and values of ones own culture to judge others. Similarly, an American might turn up their nose at the French eating snails. Someone who does not take a. view might be tempted to see their own understanding of this behavior as superior and, perhaps, the foreign practice as being immoral. Prejudices The threat is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture is the absolute truth. Korean Americans, Which of the following theories states that actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the United States? copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In this scenario, this European country can be said to have __________. With the emic approach, researchers can immerse themselves fully into a culture and develop a deep understanding of their practices and values. Ethnocentrism means The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture, while Xenocentrism means apreference for the products, styles, or ideas of a different culture. Ethnic pluralism The father in My Big Fat Greek Wedding constantly states that he can trace any word back to Greek origins. Journal of personality and social psychology,49(3), 607. Nichole DelValley has a Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Washington where she focused her research on Multicultural Education. b. But, a Pervuvian might ask: how is eating Guinea Pig different to eating chicken? Womens outfits differ significantly across cultures and societies. And the notion of the "American Dream" or America as "the land of opportunity" in countries outside of the US. d. The symbolic interactionist perspective. Pacifist Types & Views | What is a Pacifist? Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology examining how cultural factors influence human behavior. Explore xenocentrism. c. They have higher levels of educational attainment than the overall Hispanic population. Open to learning about and understanding other cultures. funeral tradition includes bringing bodies out from tombs once every seven years, wrapping them in cloth, and dancing with them. Social behavior understanding how cultural norms and expectations have an effect on social behavior. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. On the other hand, xenocentric ideas can be very problematic. When traveling the world, many of us English-speakers live with the expectation that others will speak English to us. They will tend to have negative attitudes toward other cultures and believe their beliefs, ideas, values, and practices are wrong or strange. Critical race theory The Inquisition has many of the hallmarks of ethnocentrism. It serves more as an entertaining device. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, 15-29. They may laugh at the clumsiness of foreigners when they use chopsticks. While we might not want to change our culture and traditions, we could use the theory of ethnocentrism to get to know other peoples cultures better. Many cross-cultural psychologists have found that many observations about human thought and behavior may only be generalizable to specific groups. Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. Log in Join. promoting inequalitarian pluralism among members of the dominant group. In this case, sociologists may argue that cultural relativism is being used as a way to circumvent debate and conflict, effectively avoiding one's responsibility to uphold human rights. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. Xenocentrism can provide opportunities for people and countries across the world to learn from one another with the goal of supporting diversity and inclusion. c. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism in T.V. a. d. Internal colonialism, Sociologists emphasize that race is __________. Of course, not everyone thinks this way. And nowadays, with social media and e-commerce, it's easy for people to gain access to both the material and non-material cultures of foreign countries. Someone who does not take a relativistic view might be tempted to see their own understanding of this behavior as superior and, perhaps, the foreign practice as being immoral. This is most likely an example of __________ discrimination. tribal group An example of how cultural relativism is relevant in research is noted by Sternberg (1985), who stated that the meaning of intelligence is different in every culture. The concept of cross-cultural relationship is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand each others diverse lives. This desire can include a preference for foreign goods, ideas, and styles, among other aspects of culture. The belief that cheeses and wines from other countries are superior to the products from your own country. c. The "us" that Shylock is referring to are the Jewish people. b. Assimilation. In addition, xenocentrism can become an issue when people are defined as "exotic". Even the colonies in the United States were once controlled by the British. | Cultural Mores: Examples. Although Shylock is painted as the villain of The Merchant of Venice, we can all take a lesson from him in order to avoid unfair prejudices that result from ethnocentrism. c. When research does not consider ethnocentrism, this can reinforce pre-existing discrimination and prevent other cultures from having equal opportunities. d. Race is based on physical characteristics, whereas ethnicity is based on culture and national origin. War and genocide could be the devastating result if a group is unwilling to change their ways of living or cultural practices. Nicole is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. Everyone has this anchoring bias deep down inside them, so the trick is to identify it and try to avoid it. As a result, she judges members of other cultures based on the standards of her own culture and considers them inferior. This becomes racism when other cultures are denigrated, or their traditions are regarded as irrelevant etc. Sternberg, R. J. A large corporation He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. They will travel to Quebec and expect Quebecers to speak English to them, even though their local language is French. a. Cultural relativism is the practice of viewing foreign cultures or nations from their unique standards and perspectives. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. erasing negative stereotypes while maintaining their heritage. Understanding cultural relativism in a multicultural world.
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